明城墙微生物调查及微型藻类腐蚀城墙效应探究

Investigation of microbial community on the Ming Dynasty Wall at Nanjing and an exploration of the effect of algal bio- weathering on the wall brick

本研究采用扫描电镜观察与生物培养相结合的方法,考察了南京明城墙表面的微生物种群。本研究发现地衣、大型真菌、丝状真菌、蓝细菌、绿藻和硅藻在城墙上大量存在。此外,在无地衣及藓类覆盖的城砖上,核心自养生物以石生硅藻(Achnanthes lauenburgiana Hustedt)和北方羽纹藻(Pinnularia borealis Ehrenberg)为主,并伴生丝状真菌。对城砖生物风化实验结果表明,藻类对城砖具有一定的侵蚀作用(53.65mg/m2·yr)。本研究的结果补充了明城墙微生物种群,及硅藻在陆生环境下风化硅酸岩矿物研究上的空缺,并为明城墙对藻类微生物腐蚀的防治提供了理论依据。

In an investigation of the microbial community on the Ming Dynasty Wall at Nanjing,microorganisms were cultivated from the surfaces of city walls at Zhonghuamen,Xuanwu Lake and Pipa Lake city and analyzed by electron microscopy. It is found that lichens,mushrooms,actinomycetes,filamentous fungi,cyanobacteria,epithelic diatoms and Chlorococcum are present ubiquitously on the city wall. On bricks with no lichens and mosses,It is found epithelic diatoms（ Achnanthes lauenburgiana Hustedt and Pinnularia borealis Ehrenberg）,which co-exist with filamentous fungi. Further study in an experiment of co-cultivation cultured algae and brick powder demonstrated their weathering effect on the wall brick. This research not only suggested the bio-weathering effect of the epithelic diatoms on silicate stones in a terrestrial epilithic environment,but also provided the oretical support for efforts to prevent the corrosive effect of algae on the Ming Dynasty wall.