北京市清代雍和门结构检测鉴定

Inspection and appraisal of the structure of the Qing Dynasty Yonghemen in Beijing

北京市集中了很多优秀的古建筑木结构,但由于年代久远,结构经受了各种自然灾害及人为因素的影响,已出现不同程度的损坏现象,有些甚至面临倒塌破坏的危险。为了准确了解结构的现状,发现结构潜在的安全隐患,有必要对现有的古建筑木结构进行系统的检测鉴定。本研究以雍和门为例,介绍了此类建筑的检测鉴定方法。首先完成了结构的图纸测绘工作,并对结构承重构件及主要节点的受力和变形状态进行了详细的勘察测量,同时在检测过程中采用了多种无(微)损检测技术,如采用探地雷达对地基基础情况进行了探查,采用微钻阻力仪、应力波扫描仪等无(微)损检测设备对木构件材质情况进行了检测,采用脉动测试法对结构的动力特性进行了测试分析,并对部分木构件进行了树种鉴定。最后,基于以上检测结果对雍和门结构的安全性进行了鉴定和评级。研究结果可为类似建筑的检测鉴定提供参考。

Many of the best ancient wooden architectural structures are located in Beijing. These structures have suffered for a long time from natural and man-made damage. Some of these wooden structures face the risk of collapse. It is necessary,therefore,to make systematic measurements and surveys to accurately record the current state of preservation of these buildings and to discover possible safety issues. In this research,Yonghemen was taken as an example to illustrate inspectional and appraisal methods for similar structures. First,a survey and map of the structure was completed,then a detailed investigation and measurement of the stress and deformation states of the bearing members and the primary nodes was carried out. Several nondestructive inspection technologies were adopted during the testing. For instance,radar was used to detect the foundation. Impulse tomography and resistography were used to detect the quality of the wood. Apulsating instrument was adopted to identify the dynamic parameters adopted. Finally an evaluation of the building＇s safety issues was made based on the information from the detection methods mentioned.