赵文《青山集》之文章纪实:入元南方文人的生存窘况

Life Reflected in Zhao Wen's Qingshan Ji:Living Hardship of Southern Literates Moving Northward into Yuan Dynasty

由宋入元的江西文人赵文是元初南方文坛杰出作家,今所流传《青山集》中的文章多反映现实。在序体文中尤见其对元初文人生存境况的书写与关怀,多有愤慨之情,从中可见当时重实而轻文的社会观念对文人士子地位的影响,科举被废使得文人在失望之余归于孝悌之道,入元的南方文人老而漂泊、难以谋生以及亲死不得葬的生存窘况。元初文人身份多样,思想自由,并且有职业商业化转向,如成为书画技师,走向书画装裱、星算卜祝、行医等行业,这是赵文笔下所呈现的入元南方文人的真实图景。

Zhao Wen,a literati from Jiangxi and moved from Song dynasty into Yuan dynasty,was an outstanding writer in the south literary circles at the beginning of Yuan dynasty.He was especially famous for his essays and most essays in his Qingshan Ji reflected the realityat that time.In his prefacestyle essays,we can see his description and concern of living conditions of literates at the beginning of Yuan dynasty.Agony can be found in most of these essays.Form his writings we can see how theapplication-prior-to-literature idea influenced the social status of literates.Since imperial examinations had been abolished,literates at that time,out of disappointment,retreated to filial duty.Those literates moved to Yuan dynasty were old and drifted,made a hard living,and failed to fulfil their filial duty while their parents passed away.At the beginning of Yuan dynasty,literates had diversified identities,were free with their ideas,and gradually transferred into profession and trade such as painter or calligraphers,panting and calligraphy decoration,astrology and fortune-telling,and medical practice.These are just the real picture of literates moved to Yuan dynasty in Zhao Wen＇s writing.