上海市614名孕妇饮酒行为及其对子女饮酒期望的研究

Study on alcohlol use behaviors and their expectancy to offspring on alcohol use among 614 pregnant women in Shanghai

目的了解上海市孕妇非孕期和孕期的饮酒行为及其对子女饮酒期望及饮酒危害教育的认识,为进行健康教育和制定政策提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样法抽取614名孕妇作为研究对象,采用自填问卷对孕妇进行调查。结果孕妇在非孕期曾饮酒率为26.7%,显著高于孕期的8.3%(P<0.01),中心城区孕妇非孕期饮酒率为22.5%,显著低于非中心城区的30.8%(P<0.01)。孕妇非孕期饮酒日饮酒量也高于孕期(P<0.01)。孕期与非孕期饮酒种类均以啤酒、葡萄酒、黄酒等低度酒为主。AUDIT_C量表、T_ACE量表、TWEAK量表阳性率分别为3.4%、8.1%、9.9%。58.6%的孕妇表示腹中胎儿若为男孩18岁以后就可以饮酒,显著高于女孩的39.9%(P<0.01)。95.3%的孕妇认为有必要对孩子进行未成年人饮酒危害教育。93.5%的孕妇认为父母的饮酒行为会影响孩子的饮酒行为。结论上海地区孕妇非孕期和孕期饮酒率不高,但孕妇危险饮酒的状况相对严峻。孕妇对后代饮酒相关认识比较准确,但目前针对孕妇和青少年饮酒的相关教育和政策法规都有待完善。

Objective To evaluate the alcohol use by pregnant women before and during pregnancy, their attitude on offspring alcohol expectancy and health alcohol education in Shanghai and to provide evidence for health education and government guidelines. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to survey 614 pregnant women in Shanghai. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data. Results 26. 7% of pregnant women drinking alcohol before pregnancy was sig- nificantly higher than 8. 3% during pregnancy, P 〈 0. 01. The drinking rate of pregnant women living in central areas was 22. 5% , significantly lower than 30. 8% of those who live in non-central areas, P 〈0. 01. Alcohol exposure during pregnancy was significantly less than before, P 〈 0. 01. The type of alcohol used by pregnant women before and during pregnancy were similar, mainly low-alcohol wine such as beer, wine and yellow rice or millet wine. The positive rate of AUDIT_C, T ACE, TWEAK were 3.4% , 8. 1% and 9. 9% respectively. 58.6% of pregnant women said if her child was a son, she would allow him to drink after him 18 years. It was significantly higher than 39. 9% , if the offspring was a girl, P 〈 0. 01.95.3% of pregnant women thought alcohol education was necessary for children. 93.5% of pregnant women thought parents drinking behavior would affect the children＇ s. Conclusion In Shanghai, both drinking rates of pregnant women before and during pregnancy are not high, but pregnant women＇ s high risk drinking should be given considerable attention. Pregnant women know accurate knowledge about offspring alcohol use, but both the health education and government guidelines on pregnant women and adolescent alcohol use should be improved.