马克思的“公人”:范畴及其思想

The Conception and Ideas of the "Public Man" in Karl Marx's Thought

在马克思这里,"公人"首先就是指符合人的社会性这一本质属性的人。不过,这里的"社会性"不是泛指人与人的联系,而是特指人与人联系中的统一性。所以,马克思的"公人"实质是指生活在这种人与人相统一的社会关系中的人。这种"公人"具有三种存在形式,即古希腊时期的自由公民,现代法权意义上的公民和未来社会中真正意义上的社会的人。马克思的"公人"揭示了不同于"私人"的另一种人的存在形式,为我们认识"私人"的实质和局限,把握其社会的人等思想提供了重要启示。

In Karl Marx＇s thought, the ＂Public Man＂ is above all someone conforming to the basic nature of the sociality. However, sociality here does not simply mean person- to- person relationship, but the unity among such relationship. Therefore, the ＂Public Man＂ in Karl Marx＇s thought is virtually the human being living in the unified social relationship. It has three forms of existence such as the citizen in ancient Greek, the citizen in the law sense nowadays as well as the really social man in future. The ＂Public Man＂ in Karl Marx＇s thought uncovers a new form of existence different from the private man, and provides us with important revelations in realizing the essence and limitation of the private man, and in comprehending the nature of social man.