灌溉农业的地下水保障能力评价方法研究——黄淮海平原为例

Evaluation methodology of groundwater safeguard capacity on agricultural irrigation in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

在我国北方粮食主产区,尤其黄淮海平原农业区,地下水是农业灌溉的重要水源,地下水超采状况与灌溉农业对其依赖程度和地下水保障能力密切相关。本文以黄淮海平原为例,通过农业灌溉用水强度与降水量和农作物播种强度之间关系研究,以及灌溉农业用水对地下水依赖程度和对地下水超采影响特征研究,提出灌溉农业的地下水保障能力相应概念和评价方法。应用结果表明:(1)采用灌溉农业用水对地下水依赖程度、地下水对灌溉农业用水保障程度和灌溉农业的地下水保障能力的评价理论方法,能够客观阐明灌溉农业用水对地下水依赖状况、地下水保障能力的区域分布特征及其成因;(2)黄淮海平原西北部灌溉农业的地下水保障能力较弱,尤其河北平原已处于"难以保障"或"无法保障"状态;而黄河以南地区的地下水保障能力较强。

Groundwater is an important source of water for agricultural irrigation in the main grain produc-tion region in North China, especially in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. The over exploitation situation ofgroundwater are closely related with the irrigation agriculture on the dependence level and the groundwateron agricultural irrigation water support capacity（such as the safeguard capacity） in this region. In the caseof the Huang-Huai-Hai plain, through study of the relationship among the agricultural irrigation water andthe precipitation and the crops planting intensity,and the dependence level of the agricultural irrigation ongroundwater and influence characteristics on the over exploitation situation of groundwater, the correspond-ing concepts and methods for its evaluation is proposed. The results of the application of the evaluationmethodology indicate that（1） the regional characteristics,the situation and the causes of the irrigation agri-culture on the dependence level and the safeguard capacity can be objectively clarified by using the evalua-tion methodology, including the dependence level of irrigation water on groundwater, the supply level ofthe groundwater to irrigation water,and the safeguard capacity;（2） The groundwater safeguard capacity onagricultural irrigation is poor in the northwest area of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, especially the safeguardcapacity has been in＂difficult＂or＂cannot safeguard＂state in the Hebei Plain,and the safeguard capacityis stronger in the south area of the plain.