阐释语境中的开与闭（英文）

Ouverture and Closure in Interpretive Contexts

但丁声称指导或支配中世纪文学的是封闭模式,而艾科和罗兰·巴特则持相反意见,支持不同程度上的开放模式,本文将这两种模式假定为阐释实践中的两极。此两极暗示着对两种情形的有限思考,一方面思考"唯一可能的正确方法",另一方面思考我们时代特有的对偶然刻意的回应与联想日渐增长的宽容和分散,这些回应与联想传达了一种相关性,但随时又会免除任何强势方法论梳理中的区隔。当代的阐释,尤其在艺术领域,越来越倾向于开放式,因此艺术界本身也就更倾向于那些更易于开放性阐释的艺术作品(例如,装置艺术、发生艺术、观念艺术)。当然,(诸如历史、法律、股票交易所、心理分析等)不同领域的阐释也需要对专业利益负责,这些利益就要求阐释要有一种具有证据相关性的学科独特意识(封闭性)。总而言之,我们对整个可知世界各部分的有意义排序似乎引导着阐释实践的活力。本文只是对这一不断变化的实践进行了初步扫描,希望能够对其多样性进行进一步分析。

I posit as polar extremes of interpretative practice the well-known model of closure Dante reports as guiding or governing medieval literature and the opposed model of acknowledging different degrees and kinds of openness somewhat differently supported by Umberto Eco and Roland Barthes, that suggest the limiting considerations of ＂the only possible right way＂ and the increasing tolerance and scatter, characteristic of our time, of contingently contrived responses and associations that convey a sense of relevance but are prepared to dispense with distinctions of any strong methodological sort. Contemporary interpretation, particularly in the arts, tends increasingly to favor openness ; accordingly, the artworld itself tends to accommodate artworks （installations, happenings, conceptual art, for instance） that invite open interpretations suited to evolving notions of what counts as art works. It is also true, of course, that interpretation in different fields （ in history, the law, the stock market, medical diagnosis, psychoanalysis） needs to answer to professional interests that require adhering to a distinct sense of evidentiary relevance （closure）. In all of these cases, the sense of rigor of interpretative practice seems to be guided by our sense of the meaningful order of parts of the entire intelligible world that we draw from in fashioning pertinent kinds of interpretations regarding what falls within the middle range between the two extremes. I offer no more than an initial scan of this changing practice, with an eye to attempting a closer analysis of its notable diversity.