艺术认知活动中的视觉行为分析

An Analysis of Visual Behavior in Art Cognition

"看"是人把握对象、认识自身、建构世界的重要环节。对看的分析可从以下三个方面展开。一是看见。看是行为,看见是结果,然而"看"未必能"见"。看见把原本不在关注焦点的对象经选择和聚焦而令其呈现,这是个不可见变为可见的过程。二是看出。"看出"体现了视觉认知理论中的深度模式观念的意义,它不仅是一种"透视",而且是观看者借助于想象和移情而完成的一种视觉呈示。在此,人的"心灵之眼"发挥着比肉眼重要得多的作用。事物潜在的可能性、无形的生命力乃至对象之"缺席"都能为这心灵之眼所捕捉。三是看作。"看作"也作"视为",将对象看作什么,体现了视觉主体主观投射的机制和作用。看作更要关注其间语言逻辑和文字智慧层面上的关联。"看作"以虚实相生、有无相成的魔力,带领观者从可能世界进入不可能世界。

＂Looking＂ is an important process through which men understand the object,know themselves and construct the world.The analysis of looking can be unfolded in the following three aspects.The first aspect takes looking as seeing.Looking is an action while seeing is a result.However, ＂looking＂ does not necessarily mean ＂having seen.＂ Seeing reveals the object,when the object originally not focused on is presented by visual selecting and focusing.This is a process from invisibility to visibility.The second aspect takes looking as ＂seeing-in＂ or finding out. ＂Seeing-in＂ embodies the meaning of the depth model in the visual cognition theory.It is not only a perspective but a visual presentation in which the viewer accomplishes by means of imagination and empathy.In this process,the mind＇s eye plays a more important role than the physical eye by capturing the potentialities,the intangible vitality and even the absence of the object.The third aspect takes looking as seeing-as or taking-for or treating-as.When an object is seen as something,the process embodies the function and mechanism of subjective projection by the viewing subject,and the process also requires the attention to the relevance between the logic of language and the level of verbal wisdom.Seeing-as leads the viewer into the world of impossible from the world of possible.