生猪养殖的碳氮排放与低碳氮模式推广策略分析

Strategy Analysis on Carbon and Nitrogen Emission of Pig Breeding and Low Carbon and Nitrogen Mode Extension

生猪养殖的低碳氮化,对我国兑现碳减排承诺,控制日益严重的雾霾和蓝藻污染,都有着重要现实意义。文章应用文献研究和实地调研等方法,分析不同生猪养殖模式的碳氮排放,发现生物发酵床养殖模式是低碳氮生猪养殖模式。通过调查分析我国推广生猪低碳氮养殖模式的进展情况,发现:(1)科研机构和企业的技术攻关是地方政府成功推广生物发酵床养猪模式的关键;(2)由于成本过高和缺乏市场驱动力,众多户内生物发酵床养猪模式推广示范户终止应用发酵床技术;(3)少数示范户持续使用户内生物发酵床养猪模式的原因,除政府部门的资金支持外,有来自周边农户的压力,更多源于外贸市场的驱动力;(4)户外生物发酵床养猪模式更具经济与推广可行性。最后,针对户外生物发酵床养猪模式和户内生物发酵床养猪模式存在的差异,分别提出相关推广政策建议。

The low carbon and nitrogen of pig breeding has great and practical significance on reducing carbon emission and controlling increasingly serious smog and cyanobacteria pollution in China.Using the method of literature review and the on-the-spot investigation,the article analyzed the carbon and nitrogen emissions from different pig breeding models,and found that the biological fermentation bed is a breeding model with low carbon and nitrogen.Through the investigation and analysis on the extension progress of pig breeding model of low carbon and nitrogen in China,the article revealed that：（1）the technical researches of scientific research institutions and enterprises are the key to promote the pig breeding model of biological fermentation bed.（2）Due to the high cost and the shortage of market driving force,many demonstration households previously adopted the indoor biological fermentation bed terminated this technology.（3）The reasons why a few demonstration households continue to use the model are the financial support from the government and the pressure from the surrounding farmers,mainly driven by the foreign trade market.（4）The pig breeding model of outdoor biological fermentation bed is more economical and feasible.Lastly,based on the distinctions between the outdoor and the indoor pig breeding model of biological fermentation bed,some relative policies and suggestions are also presented.