英国自然资源综合统一管理中的水资源管理

Water Resource Management under the Integrated and Unii ed Management System of Natural Resources in UK

英国通过实行国家自然资源综合统一管理体制框架下的水资源流域综合管理,推动了土地资源和水资源的协同管理,保护了生态系统健康,实现了经济、社会和生态的协调发展。英国实行水资源所有权与使用权相对分离的产权管理制度,将水资源所有权收归国有,实现了水资源的初始配置,对水资源的使用权实行申请、许可、登记制度,从地表(河流、溪流或水渠)或地下每天取水超过20立方米的人,都需要向由环境、食品和农村事务部下属的环境署申请取水许可证。英国近百年的水资源管理历史表明,土地是所有资源管理的本底,水资源管理不能脱离自然管理体制的大框架,必须与其他自然资源要素一起进行综合管理,才能最终实现流域生态系统的健康发展。

By implementing the integrated watershed management of water resources under the framework of integrated national natural resources management system, the UK has meanwhile, protected the health of ecological system and reali pro zed moted the management of land and water resources; the coordinated development of economy, society and ecology. For registration management, the property right management system in UK is that the relative separation of the ownership of and the right to use water resources. Water resource ownership is reverted to the state, which realizes the initial allocation of water resource. For the right to use water resource, UK has implemented the systems of applications, licensing and registration, and the rule provided that, people who get water 20 cubic meters or more daily from the earth＇ s surface （rivers, streams or canals） or underground, must apply for water licenses from the Environment Agency under the DEFRA. The history of UK water resource management of nearly a century suggests that, land is the foundation of all kinds of natural resources management, and water resource management cannot be independent from the framework of natural resources management system and must he under integrated management with other natural resources, which is the only way to realize the healthy and sustainable development of watershed ecosystem