天志、兼爱和明鬼——墨子自然观的价值构建与审视

The Will of Heaven,Universal Love and the Ghosts——Value Construction and Review of Mo-Zi's View of Nature

墨子的自然观是对前人的继承和发展,实现了从"天命"、"天德"到"天志"创造性的转变。其自然观主要包括"天志"、"兼爱"和"明鬼"三个基本价值结构体系。"天志"是基础,"兼爱"是核心,"明鬼"是实践监督力。从历史价值的向度来看,墨子的自然观具有正义性、平等性和道德性。从现实价值的向度来看,墨子的自然观是"双重失败",既是自然科学主义"不科学"的失败,又是没有实现自然人文精神"超越性"和"突破性"的失败。

Mo- Zi＇s view of nature is the inheritance and development of our predecessors,which has realized the creative transformation from the ＂ mandate of heaven＂ and ＂ heaven of virtue＂ to ＂ the will of heaven ＂. Its natural view mainly includes three basic value structure systems： ＂ the will of heaven ＂, ＂ universal love＂ and ＂ the ghosts ＂. ＂ The will of heaven ＂ is the foundation, ＂ universal love＂ is the core,and ＂ the ghosts ＂ is supervision force of practice. From the angle of historical value,Mo- Zi＇s view of nature has progressive significance of justice,equality and morality. From the angle of realistic value view,Mo- Zi＇s view of nature is a ＂ double failure＂. One is the failure of＂unscientific＂of a natural scientism,the other is the failure,which is not implemented the ＂ transcendence ＂ and ＂ breakthrough＂ of its natural humanistic spirit.