莱布尼茨论精神实体

Leibniz's Argumentation of Spiritual Entity

从古希腊到中世纪对心灵的研究多从属于灵魂学说,主要有两个传统,一是柏拉图开创的理念论的灵魂学说,发展到中世纪由奥古斯丁继承;二是由亚里士多德提出的形式论的灵魂学说,中世纪主要的继承者是阿奎那。莱布尼茨在对经验论和唯理论继承和批判的基础上,从调和的视角对心灵的能动性问题做出新的阐释,这对后来德国古典哲学的主体能动性问题的研究具有深远的影响。

From ancient Greece to the Middle Ages,the study on mind belonged to the doctrine of soul. There had been two main traditions of the doctrine of soul： one was created by Plato on the basis of the theory of ideas and inherited by Augustine; the other one was raised by Aristotle based on the theory of form and inherited by Thomas Aquinas. On the basis of inheriting and criticizing the empiricism and the rationalism,Leibniz gave a new interpretation on the activity of mind from the reconcilable view. This had a profound effect on activity of subject in German classical philosophy.