工程硕士教育:“理论优位”向“实践优位”的转变

Education of Engineering Master: from Theory-dominated to Practice-dominated

实践能力培养不足,实践环节薄弱,是工程硕士教育中存在的突出问题,突显出"理论优位"培养范式带来的困局。对"实践解蔽"成为工程硕士教育的诉求。构建"实践"在场路径,需教育范式从"理论优位"向"实践优位"转变。范式转换依赖于对工程实践本质的理解。"实践优位"范式,应实现教育价值取向由理论理性向实践理性转变,教育重点由理论知识向实践知识转变,教育方式由讲授式向体验式转变,将实践环节置于人才培养的核心地位,构建有灵魂的工程硕士教育。

One of prominent problems in education of Engineering Master is insufficient practice training and cultivating practical ability. That reveals the predicament to which theory- dominated paradigm of education has led. Therefore,it＇s necessary to uncover practice. Educational paradigm is needed to change from theory- dominated to practice- dominated. The shift depends on deeper understanding on the nature of engineering. To construct practice-dominated paradigm,following changes are necessary： educational value orientation should be altered from theoretical reason to practical reason; educational focus should be shifted from theoretical knowledge to practical knowledge; education method should be changed from depiction teaching to experiential way; practice training becomes core link in culture systems; humanistic spirit education is integrated into it.