经皮免疫机制及其在过敏性疾病的应用进展

Mechanisms of transcutaneous inununization and its application in allergic diseases

经皮免疫作为一种新型免疫治疗途径，是将抗原和佐剂局部应用于皮肤，诱导机体产生系统性免疫应答的接种方式，该方法安全有效，有望成为具有吸引力的传统疫苗替代途径。经皮免疫诱导不同方向免疫反应，但是皮肤免疫耐受方面的具体机制尚未完全明确。大多数研究基于动物模型，动物与人类皮肤存在结构差异，需建立更多研究实现动物模型向人体的转化。并非所有的疫苗都适用于皮肤接种，研究必须评估其安全性和有效性。各种改良的疫苗递送系统及其在相关疾病上的临床应用尚待进一步发掘。

Transcutaneous immunization （TCI） is a novel immunotherapy approach that induces systemic immune responses via topical application of antigens and adjuvants onto the skin. It is a safe and effective method, and is expected to serve as an attractive alternative to traditional vaccination. TCI induces immune responses in different directions, but the exact mechanism of skin immune tolerance is still unclear. Most studies on TCI are based on animal models. However, there are structural differences between animal skin and human skin, so more researches are needed to achieve the translation of TCI from bench to bedside. Not all vaccines are suitable for cutaneous inoculation, so vaccines for TCI should be evaluated for their safety and efficacy. Various reformed vaccine delivery systems are needed to be further explored in related diseases.