水提取法和仿生提取法研究水蛭不同炮制品的体外抗凝活性

In vitro anticoagulant activity of different processed products of Whitmania pigra by water extraction and bionic extraction

为确定水蛭传统炮制的科学性,分别采用水提取法和仿生提取法提取水蛭清水吊干品、滑石粉烫制品、酒浸闷烘品中的抗凝活性成分,以活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、抗凝血酶活性作为活性指标进行抗凝测定,并采用考马斯亮蓝法,测定各炮制品提取物中的蛋白含量以初步解释抗凝活性变化原因。对比发现,采用水提取法时,APTT,PT,TT,抗凝血酶活性4种指标结果均显示,滑石粉烫制或酒浸闷烘后水蛭的抗凝活性降低,活性顺序为清水吊干品>酒浸闷烘品>滑石粉烫制品,此结果与水蛭不同炮制品水提物蛋白含量顺序一致;而采用仿生提取法时,除滑石粉烫制后APTT缩短外,其他结果均显示炮制使水蛭抗凝活性升高,且活性顺序为酒浸闷烘品>滑石粉烫制品>清水吊干品。仿生提取法与水提取法相比更符合水蛭口服后在人体内的吸收过程,结果更具科学性。所以,传统的炮制方法不仅可以矫味矫臭,还可增强水蛭的抗凝活性作用。

In order to determine the scientificalness of traditionally processed Whitmania pigra, water extraction method and bionic extraction method were used respectively to extract the anticoagulating active components in W. pigra hanging dry products, talcum powder fried products and wine immersing-baked products. Activated partial thromboplastin time （APTF）, prothrombin time （PT）, thrombin time （ TT）, and antithrombin activity were selected as the activity indexes to evaluate the anticoagulant activities of different processed W. pigra. Then the contents of protein in different processed W. pigra were measured by Coomassie brilliant blue method to preliminarily explain the reason of anticoagulant activity changes. When water extraction method was used, the results of APTT, PT, TT and antithrombin activity showed that the anticoagulant activities of W. pigra were decreased both in talcum powder fried products and wine immersing-baked products, and the activity order was as follows ： hanging dried products 〉 wine immersing-baked products 〉 talcum powder fried products. This order was same as the protein content order. While when bionic extraction was used, APTT was shortened in talcum powder fried products, but all the other results indicated the anticoagulant activities of W. pigra processed products were increased, and the activity order was as follows： wine immersing-baked products 〉 talcum powder fried products 〉 hanging dry products. As compared with water extraction, the bionic extraction was more similar to the absorption process of W. pigra in human digestive system after oral administration and was more scientific. Therefore, the traditional processing method can not only modify the taste and smell, but also enhance the anticoagulant activity of W. pigra.