职业教育“系统培养、多样成才”的基本内涵与路径设计

On the Connotation and Path Design of “Systematic Cultivation and Diverse Talent-cultivation” of Vocational Education

基于职业教育"系统培养、多样成才"的政策分析,提出系统培养包括"推进中高职协调发展、加强中高职有效衔接、强化学历学位和职业资格衔接";多样成才包括"改革招生考试制度、推进学习成果互认衔接、发展多种形式的继续教育"等。以此为基础,在路径设计上地方政府应搭建系统培养技术技能人才的平台,构建具有区域特色的培养系统,完善具有区域特色的招生制度,设立具有区域特色的学分银行,打造具有区域特色的资源共享平台,建立专项经费制度与职业生涯咨询制度等;学校层面应探索多通道成才的人才培养模式,确立各专业"基本培养规格+发展型培养规格"的多元化人才培养目标,构建各专业"平台+模块"的分流选择课程体系,实施分类分层教学模式,组建"多能"教学团队,对教学管理制度进行精细化设计,对激励与考核机制进行完善等。

Based on the policy analysis of ＂systematic cultivation and diverse talent-cultivation＂ of vocational education, this paper holds that the contents of systematic cultivation include ＂the promotion of coordinated development of secondary and higher vocational education, the strengthening of the effective linkage of secondary and higher vocational education, and the reinforcement of linkage of academic certificate and professional qualification certificate＂ ; diverse talent--cultivation includes ＂the reform of enrollment system, the promotion of mutual recognition and linkage of learning outcome, and the development of diverse continuing education＂ . Based on this idea, concerning the path design, the local governments should build the platform to systematically cultivate skilled talents, construct cultivation systems with regional characteristics, perfect the enrollment system with regional characteristics, build a school credit bank with regional characteristics, set up a resource sharing platform with regional characteristics, establish special fund systems, and construct career counseling systems. Schools should explore on multi-channel talent cultivation modes, define the diverse talent cultivation goals which feature ＂basic cultivation specification＋ development cultivation specification＂ of each specialty, construct curriculum systems which feature ＂platform＋ module＂ of each specialty, set up ＂versatile＂ teaching groups, have a precise design of teaching management systems, and perfect the incentive and evaluation mechanisms.