义务教育教师绩效奖金、教师激励与学生成绩

Teachers' Performance Reward,Incentive and Student Achievement in Compulsory Education

利用我国义务教育大规模学校基线调查数据探讨教师工作绩效奖金及其分配方式对学生成绩的影响。研究结果表明,教师绩效奖金对学生成绩有显著正影响;教师集体绩效奖金对学生成绩影响大于个人绩效奖金,教师集体绩效奖金中,班级绩效奖金对学生成绩影响最大;学校掌握教师绩效奖金分配自主权对学生成绩具有显著正影响;教师个人资历因素与工作业绩因素对教师获得绩效奖金数量均有重要影响,但是教师个人资历因素影响似乎更大。因此,政府和学校应深化教师绩效工资结构改革,从以教师个人资历为导向转向以工作业绩为导向的教师绩效工资制度;坚持个人与集体绩效奖励相结合,注重班级层面教师集体绩效奖励;赋予学校教师绩效工资分配自主权,同时加强民主监督。

Based on a large-scale sample of school survey,the influence of performance pay and its allocation scheme on student score is studied.It is found that individual and group performance reward all have statistically significant positive impact on test score,but the effectiveness of group performance reward is stronger than the former.Among the group performance reward,the class-based performance reward is the most conspicuous one;schools,instead of the government,have authority in the allocation of teacher merit pay,which have statistically significant positive influence on student achievement.Both teacher work experience and qualification and teacher work performance have important impact on test score,but the impact of teacher work experience and qualification is greater.Therefore,the government and schools should deepen the reform on the structure of teacher performance pay and establish the merit pay system with the orientation of teacher working performance;insist on the mix type of individual and group incentive,and pay more attention to class-based teacher team reward;decentralize the allocative authority of the performance pay to schools and reinforce democratic supervision of the allocation of performance pay.