共时和历时角度下词的功能义的顺应性阐释

An Adaptability-based Account for Word Functional Meaning from Synchronic and Diachronic Perspectives

词的"功能义",是指由词性或语法功能不同导致词义变化而形成的新的词义。从共时角度看,词的功能义是一种受语法语境影响的词汇语用现象,初期具有临时性、灵活性和不稳定性;从历时角度看,词的功能义从"临时义"到"常见义"再到"固定义"这一词义演变的过程必然伴随着词性和功能上的改变,导致新的兼类词的产生。在顺应理论启示下,认为词的功能义无论是共时的语境语用变化,还是历时的词性功能演变都是语言变异性、商讨性和顺应性的典型反映。

Word functional meaning refers to new meanings resulted in the change of word category or grammatical function.From the synchronic perspective,word functional meaning is a lexico-pragmatic phenomenon caused by grammatical environment,featuring temporality,flexibility and uncertainty at the very beginning which;from the diachronic perspective,necessarily brings about multi-category words after experiencing the phases of＂temporary meaning＂,＂ordinary meaning＂and＂fixed meaning＂.Enlightened by adaptation theory,this paper argues that word functional meaning typically demonstrates language＇s variability,negotiability and adaptability both at the level of synchronic contextual pragmatics and the level of diachronic word-category-function development.