论康德与牟宗三圆善论的幸福指向——驳杨泽波教授

On Kant and Mou Zongsan's happiness of Theory of Perfect Good:Refute Prof.Yang Zebo

杨泽波教授认为康德与牟宗三圆善论的幸福指向分别是物质领域与精神领域。杨泽波教授对"物质"与"精神"的区分是在一般语境中进行的,亦即指处于同一个观念层级(形而下存在者层级)中的两种存在者领域。按此,则其观点不能成立:按照康德的定义,幸福就是欲求满足的生活状态,由欲求可以包涵物质性欲求与精神性欲求,则可推出幸福也可指向精神领域。同样,在牟宗三的语境中,幸福也可指向物质领域。康德的幸福指向以被给定的"自然领域"为前提,而牟宗三则对之进行"悬搁",首先"还原"到仁心从其作用于事物而"转化"("创造")处言之。由此,牟宗三与康德幸福指向的区别在于:康德的幸福指向限定于"被给定性",而牟宗三的幸福指向既可包涵这一层,还有超越被给定性的层面。牟宗三这一思路体现了儒家的基本精神及其存在论建构的基本原则:仁爱是一切之源,仁爱先行于一切。

Prof.Yang Zebo insists that Kant and Mou Zongsan' s happiness of Theory of Perfect Good can different from material field with mental field.Prof.Yang Zebo uses 'material' and 'mental' in general context,namely is,these are different fields of beings.Thus,Prof.Yang Zebo' s views is wrong,according to Kant' s definition,happiness is living without unfulfilled desire,and desire include material field and mental field,and which applies to both Kant and Mou Zongsan' s happiness of Theory of Perfect Good.Kant' s said happiness in 'natural field',but Mou Zongsan suspends it and reduction to 'Ren',foundation by which beings can be appear and transform.Therefore,the difference of happiness of Kant and Mou Zongsan is that Kant' s happiness limited to 'the givenness',and which in Mou Zongsan not only include 'the givenness' but also include something that beyond it.Mou Zongsan' s thought reflect that the spirit and principle of theory of Being of Confucianism,and which can be express as:Ren as emotion foundation for beings.