福州植物群落对不同频率噪音减弱效果研究

Study on the Effect of Plant Community on the Noise Reduction of Different Frequencies in Fuzhou

为了探求植物群落对不同频率噪声的衰减效果，于福州市市级公园内选取30种人工植物群落，调查树种、群落结构，采用AWA6228型声级计实地测量，并通过数据分析统计各群落对不同频率噪音的减弱效果。结果表明：（1）在与声源点垂直方向长10m、宽10m的植物群落内部，5m处相对减噪率最高可达49．42％（群落Q29处，2000Hz时），最低仅为21．14％（群落Q22处，2000Hz时），10m处相对减噪率最高可达52．8％（群落Q29处，2000Hz时），最低仅为26．14％（群落Q22处，250Hz时）；（2）植物茎干和地表状态对250Hz和500Hz的噪音减弱效果明显，植物叶片对频率为1000-4000Hz的噪声有明显削弱作用；（3）植物群落在5m处和10m处均取得了较好的相对减噪率，且随着距离增加相对减噪率也在不断提升。在250-2000Hz的中低频率段，声波的衰减随着距离的增大而差值明显，在4000-8000Hz的高频率段，距离产生的衰减率有所下降。

In Fuzhou Municipal Park,it selectes 30 plant communities,the tree species,planting structure and the weakening effect of different frequencies of noises are investigated.The results showe that in the plant community,the relative noise reduction rate of 5mis 49.42%(in Q29,2000Hz),and the lowest is 21.14%(in Q22,2000Hz),the relative noise reduction rate of 10mis52.8%(in Q29,2000Hz),the lowest is 26.14%(in Q22,250Hz);and the noise of 250 Hz and500Hz are reduced significantly.Plant stem and surface state of 500 Hz and 250 Hz of noise reduction effect are obvious,the plant leaves on the frequency of 1000~4000Hz noise has significantly weakened;in the low and middle frequency range of 250~2000Hz,the attenuation of a sound wave is obvious for the increase in the distance,and the attenuation rate of the range from 4000 Hz to8000Hz is reduced.