基于物元模型的农村居民点布局适宜性评价及分类

Suitability Evaluation and Classification of Rural Residential Layout Based on Matter Element

农村居民点用地合理布局不仅是农村土地整治的基础,也是乡村发展转型和新农村建设广泛开展的前提。以江苏省宜兴市为例,以农村居民点地块图斑为评价单元,从地形、区位、社会、经济及生态环境5个方面构建布局适宜性评价指标体系,综合运用AHP法及物元模型分析方法,借助Arc GIS技术,评价研究区农村居民点布局现状的适宜性水平,根据评价结果划分布局类型并提出各类型村庄的发展方向。研究结果表明,宜兴市农村居民点布局适宜性水平相对较高,适宜布局区域面积占评价区域总面积的87.26%,主要分布在地势平坦、生产生活条件较好的北部平原区;据此将宜兴市农村居民点划分为驻地村、中心村、保留村和迁并村四种布局类型,并提出了各类型村庄的发展方向。

Optimization of rural residential Layout was not only the foundation of rural land consolidation, but also an important prerequisite for widely carrying out of rural transformation, and development and new village construction.Taking Yixing city, a typical rapid urbanization city, as an example, and rural residential map spots as evaluation units, an evaluation index system for rural residential layout suitability was established. Evaluation factors were chosen from 5 aspects, namely terrain, location, social, economic and ecological environment. Using ways of the AHP and the matter-element model, and functions of Arc GIS 9.3, suitability levels of rural residential layout were evaluated in Yixing. Then four optimization types of rural residential layout were determined according to the evaluation results. It showed that the suitability level of rural residential layout was relatively high. The suitable areas of rural residential layout were 8839 hectares, accounting for 87.26% of the total evaluation area. These areas distributed mainly in the northern plain area where there had flat terrain, better production and living conditions. Yixing was divided into the resident village, the center village, the maintaining village and the relocation village, and the development directions of various villages were proposed accordingly.