国内外磷指数评价指标体系研究进展

Review on Phosphorus Indices as Risk-assessment Tools at Home and Abroad

磷是水体富营养化的关键影响因子之一,且农业面源流失的磷是水体中磷的主要来源之一。通过对面源磷的流失风险进行评价,识别其关键区,进而进行针对性管理,是控制面源磷流失的有效手段之一。作为一种评价面源磷流失风险的简单方法,自20世纪90年代以来,磷指数已经在美国、中国及欧洲一些国家得到了广泛的应用。通过采用磷指数法,在评价其流失风险空间分布特征的基础上,可以方便快速地识别出田块或流域内磷流失的关键区。各个国家或地区根据本研究区的情况建立了不同的指标体系,但缺乏统一的磷指数建立标准。从源因子、迁移因子等组成因子及因子等级划分与磷指数计算等几个方面,对国内外的磷指数评价指标体系进行了分析评述,并对其发展进行了展望,旨在为目标研究区磷指数的建立和应用提供借鉴。

Phosphorus（P） is a key factor which i mpacts waterbed eutrophication, and P loss from agricultural non- point sources is a major source of P in water. It is one of the effective means of controlling P loss from non- point source that implementing targeted management measures and then identifying the critical source areas. As a simple way to evaluate the risk of P loss from non- point sources, P index（PI） was widely applied since the 1990 s in the U.S.A., China and several European countries. The critical source areas of P loss in a field or watershed were identified by using the PI method based on the assessment of the spatial distribution of P loss. Every country or region established the different index systems according to their own conditions, however, there was no uniform establishment standard of PI. This paper reviewed the source and transport factors of P loss and the methods of PI calculation. It aimed to provide a theoretical reference and structured selection for PI establishment in the objective area.