2011年至2014年大连市疟疾流行形势及分析

Analysis on the prevalence of malaria cases in Dalian from 2011-2014

目的对大连市自2011年至2014年上报的50例疟疾进行检测分析,了解疟疾流行现状及趋势,并进行流行病学分析,为大连市疟疾消除防治策略与监测手段提供参考依据。方法采用镜检法、快速检测法(RDT)和巢式PCR三种方法,对上报50例疟疾感染病例进行实验室检测,并以巢式PCR进行虫种鉴定。同时,对上述50例进行流行病学分析。结果 2011年至2014年上报的50例全部为输入性病例,每年病例数分别为12例、16例、10例和12例。其中恶性疟占82.0%、间日疟占6.0%、卵形疟占6.0%、三日疟占2.0%和未分型占4.0%。境外感染49例,主要来自非洲。感染者以建筑工人最多,占40.0%,其次是捕鱼工,占34.0%。结论大连地区存在着疟疾感染和流行有良好的自然环境条件,加强本土或外来疟疾疫情的监控,积极严查防控传染源,防止疟疾传播和流行具有重要的意义。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and laboratory test results of malaria cases reported in Dalian from 2011-2014,explore the current prevalence and trend of malaria,and provide references for malaria control strategy and monitoring means.Methods Microscopic examination,RDT and Nested-PCR were used to detect malaria cases.Nested-PCR was used for the identification of Plasmodium species.Epidemiological analysis was conducted.Results There were 50 cases of malaria reported and identified in Dalian from 2011 to 2014,with 12,16,10 and 12cases in 2011-2014 respectively.Four species of Plasmodia were detected,including P.falciparum,P.vivax,P.ovale and P.malariae,as well as an undetined Plasmodium,which accounted for 82.0%（41/50）,6.0%（3/50）,6.0%（3/50）,2.0%（1/50）and 4.0%（2/50）respectively.All the cases were imported ones from Africa except one from Dandong and one from India.Construction workers（40.0%）and fishermen（34.0%）were the major infected populations.Conclusion The natural environment in Dalian is prone to the prevalence of plasmodium infection.It is very important to monitor the local and imported malaria cases in order to prevent malaria from transmission and prevalence.