压力延滞渗透膜的研究进展

Development of pressure retarded osmosis membrane

压力延滞渗透(pressure retarded osmosis,PRO)是一种利用不同浓度溶液间渗透压差进行产能的新型膜技术。膜是PRO过程的核心元件,对其产能效果有巨大影响。PRO膜需要有良好的水渗透性和较高的截留率,并具有足够的强度承受高压。首先阐述了PRO过程对膜性能的要求,然后从活性层、支撑层及物理/化学预处理3个方面归纳了当前广泛使用的非对称膜的研究进展,总结了膜材料、制备过程和预处理等对膜性能的影响。同时,归纳了对称膜及准对称膜方面的研究状况,两者可有效降低膜的内部浓差极化现象(ICP),是未来PRO膜研究的一个重要方向。

Pressure retarded osmosis（PRO） is a new membrane technology to produce renewable energy from osmotic pressure difference of two solutions with different concentration. Membrane used in the PRO process requires high water permeability, effective rejection of salt and ideal mechanical strength in order to achieve an excellent energy production. This paper explains the basic requirements of PRO membranes and summaries the development of the widely-used asymmetric membranes from the aspects of active layer, support layer and pre-treatment, showing the effects of membrane material, preparation and pre-treatment on the membrane performance. Meanwhile, the paper induces the research status of symmetric and quasi-symmetric membranes, which could significantly mitigate internal concentration polarization（ICP） and become a research focus in the future.