生命周期评价的发展新方向:基于GIS的生命周期评价

New direction of life cycle assessment: GIS-based life cycle assessment

综述了生命周期评价(LCA)区域化研究的进展,论述了将空间信息数据引入LCA的必要性与可行性,以及GIS(geographical information system)在LCA地域化的重要作用。综述表明GIS能系统有效地组织和管理空间数据,能够管理LCA明细的地域信息、LCA影响的地域信息,从而实现GIS与LCA的结合。在此基础上,进一步提出了基于地理信息的LCA的架构,分析了基于GIS的LCA发展的机遇和挑战。基于地理信息的LCA将突破传统LCA缺乏空间信息的致命缺陷,其结果将更具准确性和科学性,基于地理信息的LCA的绿色设计和管理对企业以及政府将更具可操作性,是生命周期评价方法发展的新方向。

The study presents an overview on the development of regionalization of life cycle assessment（LCA）. The results of the paper indicate that incorporating spatial information into the process of the life cycle assessment is both necessary and feasible. The GIS（geographical information system）, on the other hand, is an important platform to serve the purpose. The paper shows that GIS can effectively align and manage the spatial data in a flexible way, and thus promote the application of regionalized LCA study. The paper proposes a framework for the design of GIS based LCA. By integration GIS and LCA, the accuracy and representativeness of LCA results can be upgraded, which lays a solid foundation for policy making process.