俄罗斯高等教育管理新机制:高校效益评估

Monitoring the Effectiveness of Universities in Russia:the New Management Mechanisms of Russian Higher Education

为治理高等教育现代化进程中产生的问题,俄罗斯于2012年启动高校效益评估活动。新的教育管理机制的首要任务在于对教育质量达不到国家要求的高校进行重组或合并。2012年,俄罗斯教科部要求所有公立高校必须参与高校效益评估活动,之后举办的每年一度的评估活动的对象则扩展至俄罗斯所有高校。评估活动开展过程中突显的主要特点体现在:评估指标体系逐步发展和完善,尤其是在反映高校重要教育功能的就业水平上的指标不断丰富;尊重和考虑不同类型高校的特殊性,对军事类和艺术类等6类高校增设针对其办学特色的评价指标;根据地方的经济发展水平和高等教育资源配置状况来设定具有区分度的指标最低标准值。

In 2012,monitoring the effectiveness of universities in Russia launched in order to deal with the issues in the process of higher education modernization. The top priority for the new educational management mechanisms aims at the restructuring or merger of colleges and universities which can not meet the national demands for the quality of education. In 2012,the Russian Ministry of Education and Science required that all public colleges and universities must participate in the program of monitoring the effectiveness of universities,and then this program was extended to all the universities in Russia. The main characteristics in the development of monitoring the effectiveness of universities embodied in： gradually improving the index system of evaluation,especially to constantly enrich the index of employment levels which reflected the important function of education in colleges and universities; establishing the proper index for other six categories of colleges and universities including the military and art ones,which focused on the particularity of different types of colleges and universities; setting the minimum standards of the differentiation indexes according to the level of the local economic development and the resource allocation of the higher education.