土壤肥力和施肥措施对冬小麦--夏玉米产量地力贡献率和土壤容重的影响

The Effects of Soil Fertility and Fertilization Treatments on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize,Contribution Rate of Basic Soil and Soil Volume Weight

为指导低平原区粮田基础地力定向培育提供重要理论依据,2012-2014年在大田试验条件下,采用裂区试验设计,以土壤肥力水平为主区、不同施肥措施为副区,研究了低平原区不同土壤基础肥力（高肥、中肥、低肥）和施肥方式（CK—30a不施肥,T_1—2a不施肥,T_2—1a不施肥,T_3—3a施NPK肥,T_4—3a施PK肥）对冬小麦-夏玉米产量、地力贡献率和土壤容重的影响。结果表明：各肥力条件下小麦、玉米及全年产量基本表现为T_3〉T_2〉T_1〉T_4〉CK,其中,高、中肥力条件下作物产量差异较小,且与低肥力下的产量差异基本达到了极显著水平。各肥力条件下,不同施肥措施的基础地力贡献率均表现为T_2〉T_1〉CK;各施肥处理在不同肥力条件下的周年基础地力贡献率差异均不显著,但总体来看,高肥力地块对周年产量的基础地力贡献率相对较高。各肥力地块在同种施肥方式下土壤容重差异均不显著;低肥力地块施用氮磷钾肥可以显著降低土壤容重,但随着土壤肥力增高,适当延长氮磷钾肥施用年限才能对土壤容重有明显的降低作用;氮肥对土壤紧实度的调控效应高于磷钾肥。

Field experiment of the effects of soil basic fertility and fertilization treatments on yield,yield contribution rate from basic soil fertility and soil bulk weight of winter wheat and summer maize were con-ducted in 2012-2014, in order to provide a theoretic basis for improving the basic soil fertility of the grain field in low plain area of Hebei. In the experiment,using split-plot experiment design,three kinds of basic soil fertilities（high fertility,middle fertility,low fertility） and five fertilization treatments（CKno fertilizer for three years,T_1-no fertilizer for two years,T_2-no fertilizer for one year,T_3-NPK fertilizer,T_4-PK fertilizer） were set up. The results showed that the yield of wheat,maize and their total were T_3T_2T_1T_4CK,the differences of yield was small under high and medium fertility conditions,and the yield differences with low fertility reached a very significant level. The basic soil contribution rate of fertilization treatments was T_2T_1CK, there was no significant differences on anniversary based fertility contribution rate of fertilization treatments under different soil fertility,overall,the contribution rate of high fertility land on annual production was relatively higher. There was no significant differenceson soil bulk density of each soil fertility plot under the same fertilization methods, application of N, P and K fertilizer could significantly reduce soil bulk density under low fertility land,but with the increasing of soil fertility, the appropriate extension of N, P and K fertilizer could significantly decrease soil bulk density,the regulation effect of nitrogen fertilizer on soil compaction was higher than that of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.