不同肥料种类对小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Different Kinds of Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Soil Fertility

土壤肥力低是限制河北省部分地区粮食产量提高的一个重要因子,因此,通过合理的栽培措施来快速培肥地力非常重要。作者以单施复合肥为对照,研究了玉米秸秆还田基础上底施复合肥、复合肥+有机肥、复合肥+菌肥、复合肥+有机肥+菌肥+微肥等不同的肥料种类对小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:在秸秆还田并施用复合肥的基础上,鸡粪与牛粪混合施用或施入菌肥均可明显提高土壤养分含量;施入鸡粪和牛粪均可明显促进冬前小麦植株生长,还可增加穗长和茎粗,且施用牛粪或施入低量菌肥均能明显提高小麦产量。在秸秆还田并施用复合肥的基础上,鸡粪与牛粪混合施用或施入菌肥均能够显著提高中低产田的土壤肥力和小麦产量。

Low soil fertility is an important limiting factor for gaining high grain yield in Hebei Province,therefore, it is very important through the reasonable cultivation measures to improve soil fertility. The single application of compound fertilizer as control, we studied the effects of compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer ＋ organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer ＋ bacterial fertilizer, compound fertilizer ＋organic fertilizer ＋ bacterial fertilizer ＋ trace elements of different kinds of fertilizers on wheat yield and soil fer-tility on the basis of maize straw returning to field. The results showed that the content of soil nutrient could be increased when the mixture of chicken and cow dung was applied or bacterial manure was ap-plied on the basis of straw returning and application of compound fertilizer. The plant growth of wheat before winter was promoted, and spike length and stem diameter could be increased when chicken and cow manure was applied. Grain yield could be increased when cow dung or less bacterial manure was ap-plied. So in middle and low yield fields, soil fertility and wheat yield could be significantly improved when chicken and cow dung was mixed application or bacterial manure was applied on the basis of straw returning and application of compound fertilizer.