云南单季水稻立体生态区划及安全成熟期时空演变研究

Tridimensional Ecological Regionalization and Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Safe Maturity Dates of Rice in Yunnan Province

云南稻区立体气候特征明显,生态类型多样。根据云南省24个气象站点1960-2010年3-11月气象数据分析,将云南稻区划分为海拔〉1700 m的高海拔粳稻区、1500 m≤海拔≤1700 m的籼粳稻交错区和海拔〈1500 m的传统籼稻区3个稻区。利用水稻安全成熟的临界温度指标,推算不同地区水稻安全成熟期以及其变化规律。结果表明：云南50 a平均气温升高了1.7℃,水稻安全成熟期延迟趋势明显,籼稻延迟3.8~4.7 d/10a,粳稻延迟4.1~5.4 d/10a。海拔1500 m籼稻安全成熟期为10月1日,粳稻安全成熟期为11月1日;同一品种,同一时期,海拔从低到高水稻成熟期提前。海拔每降低100 m,安全成熟期延迟5.1 d;海拔每升高100 m,安全成熟期提前5.8 d。按此规律布局云南不同海拔不同品种生产,能充分利用不同生态区光热资源,提高区域水稻产量。

Yunnan rice regions have obvious tridimensional climate characteristics and diverse ecotype. In this study,the data of daily average temperatures from March to November for the past 50 years（1960-2010） of 24 meteorological stations in Yunnan province were analyzed. Temperature and altitude were the main basis for the ecological regionalization of Yunnan rice regions. Yunnan rice regions were divided into three rice regions,the high altitude japonica region（altitude 1700 m）,the indica japonica intersectional region（1500 m≤ altitude ≤1700 m） and the traditional zone of indica rice region（altitude ≤1500 m）. The safety maturity dates and its change trends were calculated by using the safety maturity critical temperature indexes. Results showed that with the global warming the average temperature increased by 1. 7 ℃ in Yunnan in 50 years,and the trend of rice safe maturity dates delayed obviously. With the global warming,indica rice delayed 3. 8-4. 7 d /10 a,Japonica rice delayed 4. 1-5. 4 d /10 a. Altitude from low to high,the safe maturity dates for the same species had advanced,and 1500 meters above sea level indica security maturity was October 1,and japonica security maturity is November 1. Altitude decreasing by 100 meters,security maturity would be postponed 5. 1 days; Altitude increasing by 100 meters,security maturity will be5. 8 D in advance. According to this rule to layout the production of different species at different altitudes in Yunnan could make full use of the light and heat resources in different ecological areas,and increase the yield of rice in the region.