甘薯抗旱鉴定及旱胁迫对甘薯叶片生理特性的影响

Identification of Drought Resistance and Effect of Soil Drought on Physiological Characteristics of Sweetpotato

为挖掘抗旱甘薯基因资源,为甘薯抗旱育种及种植区域的拓宽提供科技支撑。本试验以全国各育种单位近年来选育的27个甘薯品种(系)为试验材料,在蒸发量远大于降雨量的新疆,设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫2个处理,采用抗旱指数法,对品种抗旱性进行鉴定评价。结果表明,根据抗旱指数及旱胁迫下鲜薯产量表现,筛选到抗旱指数高且产量高的种质材料6份(商薯9号、徐薯22、川薯20、湘薯15等),并且抗旱性好的品种随着旱胁迫时间的持续,具有较高的脯氨酸(Pro)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、较低的丙二醛(MDA)含量;在本试验中,各品种抗旱指数与叶片Pro含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.83),与叶片POD活性呈显著正相关(r=0.65),与叶片MDA含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.78)。利用抗旱指数进行甘薯抗旱鉴定评价,是一种简单实用的方法,可以有效评价甘薯抗旱性。

The main purpose of this paper was to explore sweetpotato genetic resources and provide science-technology support for breeding sweetpotato and extending the planting area under drought condition. Twenty-seven sweetpotato varieties from the country were selected as tested materials in this experiments,drought resistant index was used to evaluate the drought resistance in rainfed and water irrigation treatments in Xinjiang. The result showed that according to drought resistant index and fresh root yield under drought condition,six sweetpotato varieties（including Shangshu9,Xushu22,Chuanshu20,etc.） with higher drought resistant index and yield were explored,and with the time going in drought stress condition,the varieties with better drought resistance had lower malondialdehyde（MDA） content,higher proline（Pro）content and peroxidase（POD） activity. In this experiments,drought resistance index was extremely significant positive correlation（r = 0.83） with Pro content of sweetpotato leaves,and POD activity was significantly positive correlation（r = 0. 65）,and MDA content was significantly negative correlation（r =-0. 78）. Based on this,drought resistance index was a simple and applicable method for sweetpotato drought resistance identification.