不同生育期水分亏缺对烤烟干物质积累与代谢酶活性的影响

Effect of Water Stress on Biomass Accumulation and Metabolic Enzyme Activities during Different Growth Stage of Flue-cured Tobacco

通过盆栽试验研究烤烟不同生育期内亏水胁迫对烤烟干物质积累及其烟叶生理代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,团棵期亏水对中后期干物质积累具有滞后性,其抑制效应无法弥补;旺长期适度亏水仅仅对茎干物质积累产生显著抑制效应,但随着供水恢复,对生育后期干物质积累的抑制效应消失;成熟期适度亏水显著降低根、茎及整株干物质积累,但对叶的干物质积累无显著影响。在生理代谢酶活性方面,与对照相比,团棵期、成熟期适度亏水显著降低叶绿素含量,而旺长期适度亏水则对叶绿素含量无显著影响;叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性以旺长期适度亏水处理时叶片在成熟后期处于较高水平,而淀粉酶活性处于较低水平。总之,伸根期亏水对烟株中后期有不可逆的抑制效应,而旺长期适度亏水其对烟株生长发育的抑制效应可逆,且对延缓烟株叶片衰老具有显著效应。应高度重视伸根期和成熟期水分管理,确保烟株此期不受干旱,但在旺长期可适度亏水,以提升烟株叶片成熟期的田间耐熟性。

To study the effects of water stress on the growth of flue-cured tobacco,a pot experiment was conducted by water stress at different growth stage to investigate the effects of planting density and nitrogen levels on the yield and metabolic enzyme activities of tobacco. The results showed that： In the dry matter accumulation,compared with the control,the effect of water deficit at rosette stage on the late dry matter accumulation was a lag,and the inhibitory effect was of irreparable; The moderately water deficit at vigorous growth stage was a inhibitory effect of only stems matter accumulation,but with the water supply was restored,the inhibitory effect was of the disappearance of dry matter accumulation during the late growth. The moderate water deficit at mature stage significantly reduced the dry matter accumulation of root,stem and the whole plant,but had no significant effect on the dry matter accumulation of leaves. In terms of physiological metabolism enzyme activity,compared with the control,the moderate water deficit at the rosette and mature stage significantly decreased chlorophyll content,and the moderate water deficit at vigorous growth stage had no significant effect on chlorophyll content; Chlorophyll content and nitrate reeducates activity in leaves at the mature late was a high level when the moderate water deficit was at the vigorous growth stage,but at a lower level of amylase activity; In short,at roots stretch of water deficit on tobacco in the late was the irreversible inhibitory effect,while the inhibitory effect of moderate water deficit at vigorous stage on the growth and development of tobacco was the reversible,and a significant delaying effect of leaf senescence. Therefore,the reasonable water management at different growth period played an important role to regulate the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,as well as to build on the high yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.