紫花苜蓿鲜草对长大母猪生产性能及血清生化指标的影响

Effect of Fresh Alfalfa Grass on Growth Performance and Blood Indices of Landrace and Yorkshire Crossbred Sows

试验旨在研究紫花苜蓿鲜草对长大母猪生产性能、血液理化指标、初乳IgG及经济效益的影响,为优化利用紫花苜蓿饲料资源提供依据。试验选择健康和胎次、年龄、历史产仔哺育性能接近的长大二元母猪60头为试验对象,采用完全随机化设计,试猪分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组在妊娠、泌乳期母猪饲粮中分别添加20%、30%和40%紫花苜蓿鲜草。结果表明：1）在妊娠母猪、泌乳母猪饲粮中添加不同比例的紫花苜蓿鲜草,不同程度地提高了母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、泌乳量及仔猪的初生窝重、初生个体重、21日龄窝重、28日龄断奶成活率,其中30%紫花苜蓿鲜草组显著提高了仔猪21日龄窝重及母猪泌乳量（P〈0.05）;与对照组产后7 d母猪体重相比,各试验组产后21 d、28 d母猪体重减重率较对照组增大（P〉0.05）。2）妊娠母猪阶段,各组间干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪消化率差异不显著（P〉0.05）;泌乳母猪阶段,各组间的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维消化率差异不显著（P〉0.05）,而各试验组的粗脂肪消化率显著或极显著高于对照组。3）在妊娠期、泌乳期母猪饲粮中添加20%、30%、40%的紫花苜蓿鲜草,3个试验组的血清尿素氮均低于对照组,其中30%紫花苜蓿鲜草组显著或极显著低于对照组;3个试验组的血清总蛋白均高于对照组,30%、40%紫花苜蓿鲜草组显著或极显著高于对照组;3个试验组的血糖低于对照组,其中泌乳母猪30%、40%的紫花苜蓿鲜草组显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;3个试验组血清中的甘油三酯有所降低,其中30%紫花苜蓿鲜草组极显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）;3个试验组的血清IgG均高于对照组,30%、40%紫花苜蓿鲜草组极显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;妊娠期、泌乳期相比,3个试验组的血清尿素氮、总蛋白、血糖、甘油三酯差异不显著（P〉0.05）,而泌乳期血清IgG均极显著高于妊娠期IgG（P〈0.01）。4）各试验组初乳中的IgG均有所提高,30%、40%紫花苜蓿鲜草组的IgG极显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结果显示,在妊娠母猪、泌乳母猪饲粮中添加不同比例的紫花苜蓿鲜草,提高了母猪的生产性能,改善了血液和初乳理化指标,节本增效明显。在该试验条件下,推荐紫花苜蓿鲜草替代妊娠、泌乳母猪饲粮的适宜比例为30%~40%。

This experiment was to study the effect of alfalfa grass on the growth performance, physical and chemical indexes of blood, colostrum IgG and economic benefits of Landrace and Yorkshire Crossbred（LY） Sows.It provided scientific basis for optimum utilization of alfalfa forage resources. This experiment chosed sixty healthy and the similar of birth order, age, history of farrowing nursing LY sows, allocated to 4 treatments with 3 replicates of 5 pigs per replicate. The control group were not fed with the alfalfa grass, 20%, 30% and 40% proportion of alfalfa grass were added in the pregnancy and lactation period sows diet of 3 experimental groups. Results are as follows： 1） when adding different proportion of alfalfa grass, it can varying degrees increased litter size of sow, the number of newborn litter weight and new individual weight, 21 st day litter weight, sows milk volume and the survival rate of 28 th weaned, which 30% proportion of alfalfa grass groups significantly increased 21 days litter weight and milk volume of lactation sows（P 〈0.05）; Compared with the control group of 7 days postpartum sow weight, when the sow postpartum for 21 days and 28 days, sow weight reduction rate of every experimental groups higher than control group（P〉 0.05）.2）Dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, fat digestibility had no significant difference between groups during pregnant stage（P〉0.05）, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber digestibility had also no significant difference between groups during lactation stage, but these was significant difference between groups in fat digestibility（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. 3）The level of serum urea nitrogen in three experimental groups were lower than control group（P〉0.05）, which the 30% proportion of alfalfa grass group was extremely significant lower than control group（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; Total serum protein of three experimental groups were higher than control group（P〉0.05）, which the 30% and 40% proportion of alfalfa grass group were extremely significant higher than control group; blood sugar of three experimental groups were lower than control group（P〉0.05）, which the 30% and 40%proportion of alfalfa grass group were extremely significant higher than control group（P〈0.05）; serum triglycerides had reduced in three experimental groups, which the 30% proportion of alfalfa grass group were extremely significant higher than control group（P 〈0.01）; serum IgG of three experimental groups were higher than control group, which the 30% and 40% proportion of alfalfa grass group were extremely significant higher than control group（P〈 0.01）; there was no significant difference in serum urea nitrogen, serum total protein, blood sugar and triglycerides of three experimental groups between pregnancy period and lactation period（P〉0.05）, but serum IgG during lactation period were extremely significant higher than pregnancy period（P〈 0.01）. 4）Colostrum IgG had improved in every experimental groups, which the 30% and 40% proportion of alfalfa grass group were extremely significant higher than control group（P〈0.01）. The result shows that added different proportion of alfalfa grass could improve sows growth performance and blood and colostrum physico-chemical index, not only reduces the cost, but also increases the effect. Under this experimental condition, it was recommended that the alfalfa grass alternative diet appropriate ratio was 30%~40%.