韩信救败固陵考释

Investigation on Han Xin Rescuing Guling

固陵之战是楚汉战争中的一个小战役,对楚汉战争的最终胜负无足轻重,但对韩信的英雄形象却至关重要。汉高帝四年(前203)八月,刘邦、项羽以鸿沟为界,约"中分天下"。刘邦背弃和约,利用项羽东撤之机发起战略追击。刘邦谋划不周,在阳夏、固陵被项羽打得大败。为解固陵之围,韩信高屋建瓴,统筹全局,没有挥师径驰固陵,而是首先袭占楚都彭城,既解了固陵汉军之危,又打破了项羽的持久战略,迫使项羽进入汉军预设战场,最终毕其功于垓下一役。

The battle of Guling was a small battle of Chu- Han war. It was nothing to the outcome of Chu- Han war,but it was vitally important to the heroic image of Han Xin. In August,the fourth year of Han Gaodi（ before 203）,Liu Bang and Xiang Yu appointed to split the country by Honggou. However,Liu Bang violated the agreement,and started to attack Xiang Yu when he withdrew to east. Liu Bang was beaten into dust by Xiang Yu at Yangxia because of his absence of resourcefulness. Persisting on the whole base,in order to settle the siege of Guling,Han Xin did not direct his troops toward Guling,but attacked Peng Cheng,the capital of Chu firstly. This action not only solved the danger of Han army in Guling,but also broke the drawn- up battle plan of Xiang Yu,and forced Xiang Yu to enter an ambush of Han army. It led to the success of the battle of Gaixia eventually.