关于证素和证候要素研究的思考

Thoughts about the study of syndrome elements and syndrome factors

通过梳理证素和证候要素研究在命名、分类、界定原则和诊断依据等方面存在的问题,笔者认为:1可以将证素、证候要素和证候要素靶位统称为证候要素,将证候要素分为病位要素和病性要素2类。2对证候要素的数目进行重新界定,共获得了6个病位要素和14个病性要素。3证候要素的诊断依据是症状的临床特征。其中,病位要素的诊断依据是症状的部位特征和功能特征;病性要素的诊断依据是症状的性质特征和症状的加重缓解因素。4应该在系统论指导下客观地看待证候要素与证候之间的关系,认清其在证候规范化研究中的意义和局限性,不应完全以证候要素研究替代证候研究。

Based on the analysis of syndrome elements and syndrome factors in the name, classification, definition principle and diagnostic criteria, the conclusions were showed as follow： 1 The syndrome elements, syndrome factors and syndrome factor target could be collectively referred to as syndrome factors. The syndrome factors could be classified into the locational syndrome factors and pathological syndrome factors. 2 The number of syndrome factors were redefined, where 6 locational syndrome factors and 14 pathological syndrome factors were defined. 3 The diagnostic evidences of syndrome elements were symptom characteristics. The diagnostic evidences of locational syndrome element were the locational characteristics and the functional characteristics. The diagnostic evidences of attribute syndrome element were the attribute characteristics and the aggravating or mitigating factors of symptoms. 4 Under the guidance of the system theory, the relationship between syndrome elements and syndrome should be treated objectively. The significance and limitations of the standardization of syndrome should be identified, and the study of syndrome should not be completely replaced by syndrome factors.