航天员空间失定向影响因素与对策

Study of Factors and Countermeasures for Astronaut Space Disorientation

载人航天任务中,航天员在发射和返回、轨道飞行或登陆其他星体时,由于重力环境的转换,经常体验到空间失定向和运动感觉失调,并伴发空间运动病。这种现象严重影响航天员的工作绩效,甚至威胁航天员的安全和任务的完成,已引起各航天大国和组织的广泛重视,并开展了一系列的相关研究。通过梳理文献,综述了空间失定向的主要类型、相关生理影响因素和主要应对措施。

In the manned spaceflight,altered gravity environments effect partial orientation perception,and can lead to spatial disorientation and sensorimotor impairment,which is frequently accompanied by space motion sickness,and can impact astronaut performance and operation,eventually threat astronaut＇s life and result in mission failure. Several types of disorientation are described,the research progress of physiological factors of disorientation is reviewed,and several possible countermeasures are evaluated.