新见石刻画像《唐僧师徒取经归程图》辨识

Identification of the Headstone Portrait of Return Journey Picture of Tang Master with His Apprentices Getting the Scripture from the Western Heaven

悄然现身的《唐僧师徒取经归程图》虽然缺失了确凿的年代证据,但仍可判为金代石刻画像,它是现在所见最早的一幅四人一马取经图,对于《西游记》成书研究有重要意义。判其为金代画像的证据:一是山西金元《礼节传簿》中的队戏《唐僧西天取经》和元代磁枕取经图证明,四人一马取经图在元代之前已经产生;二是该图表现的是明确的归程故事,以白马驮经为主要特征,至元代白马的功能已开始向骑乘转化,因此它无疑为早期作品;三是孙悟空头戴的"东坡巾"盛行在宋金,具有鲜明的年代特征,元代变异汉服,已经少有这种巾帽。

Return Journey Picture of Tang Master with His Apprentices Getting the Scripture from the Western Heaven can be identified as the stone portrait of Jin Dynasty,which is the earliest picture with four people and a horse getting the scripture,and has great importance for the study on the book of Jour neytotheWest.The relevant evidences are as follows：firstly,the Dui drama of Tangseng Getting the Scripture from the Western Heaven in Lijiezhuanbu of Shanxi and the picture of Cizhen getting the scripture in Yuan Dynasty prove that the picture with four people and a horse getting the scripture has come about before Yuan Dynasty;secondly,It describes the story of the return journey with the feature of white horse packed with scriptures,while it echoes with the fact that the function of white horse in Yuan Dynasty has turned to riding;Thirdly,the＂Dongpo towel＂wearing by Monkey Sun is prevalent in the Songjin,while it is rare in Han garments of Yuan Dynasty.