明清时期沭阳县慈善组织发展考略

Research on the Development of Charitable Organizations in Shuyang County during Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期,沭阳县的慈善组织主要可分为三类。其一为养老恤孤类,即对老人和婴幼儿的救济与照顾,包括养济院、育婴堂与从善堂。另设义学或家塾,对适龄儿童进行教化。其二为养病丧葬类,包括惠民药局、漏泽园或义冢,主要是给贫苦人家施药或掩埋尸骨。其三为仓储备荒类,以预备仓、盐义仓、便民仓、社仓、义仓等仓储为主,此类慈善为灾荒时期的救助提供了条件。沭阳县慈善组织的逐步发展和渐趋完善,展现了中国古代慈善事业发展到鼎盛时期,生、老、病、死及备荒无所不包的情况。

During Ming and Qing Dynasties, the charitable organizations in Shuyang can be mainly divided into three categories： The first category devotes to the care for the elder and children, including Yangji Yuan, Yuying Tang and Congshan Tang; the second belongs to the medical assistance for the wounded or the burial {or the dead, including Huimin Drugstore, Louze Yuan, Yizhong, etc; The third devotes to tile storage preparing against natural disasters, including Preparatory Warehouse, Yanyi Warehouse, Bianmin Warehouse, She Warehouse, YiWarehouse, ere, which gives a hand to rescue people in the famine period. The progressive development and improvement of Shuyang charitable organizations shows the development of ancient Chinese philanthropy heyday, and the care for people＇s birth to death and warehousing pre paredness.