国外舰船蒸汽动力技术发展的启示

The revelation from the development of foreign marine steam turbine power plants

近40年来,各国陆续入役的大型驱护舰多数已经弃用蒸汽轮机,转用燃气轮机或柴油机作为舰船主动力。但在大型航空母舰和核潜艇上,蒸汽动力至今仍是唯一可用的无可替代的动力装置。介绍蒸汽动力的系统组成、技术特点、各国应用状况及发展趋势,并为我国舰船蒸汽动力技术的发展提出一些个人建议。包括:积极借鉴国外的成功经验;重视舰船蒸汽动力技术的研究和人才培养;适当考虑选用合适的蒸汽动力方案,扶持行业的健康发展;尽快构建完善我国各种舰船动力的标准化、成熟机组系列,按常用功率等级配齐,供舰船设计时按需选配。

During the last 4 decades, the steam turbine power plant has been gradually substituted with the gas turbine or diesel engine power plant along with the development of warships such as destroyers and frig- ates in many countries. Even so, the important role of the steam turbine power plant cannot be denied yet, particularly in big aircraft carriers, or in nuclear-powered submarines, where the marine steam turbine pow- er plant is still an irreplaceable marine power. In recent years, the marine power in China is beginning to enter a new stage of development, where the gas or diesel engine has gained a dominant position in war- ships, and, as a result, not only the investment on traditional steam engines has been cut down, but the re- volved colleges and universities have reduce the number of relevant subjects and courses as well. This would inevitably induce difficulties into the development and application of the steam turbine technology in the warship field. In this paper, the technical characteristics, application status, and development trend of marine steam turbine power plants in the relevant countries are introduced step by step, while the goal is to call attention onto the significance of the marine steam turbine power once again. Certain advice concerned about the development of the technology in the marine steam turbine power plant is presented in order to serve as references for future domestic development.