社区围绝经期女性心血管病发病危险评估

Risk Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease in Perimenopausal Women in Community

目的调查社区围绝经期女性心血管病危险因素的暴露情况,并评估未来10年内发生心血管病的危险程度。方法2014年9月~2015年5月,多阶段随机抽取郑州市某社区常住围绝经期女性692名进行调查,收集年龄、血压、体质量、吸烟史、糖尿病史和空腹血糖、血脂等资料,采用＂国人缺血性心血管病（ICVD）10年发病危险评估表＂对各个年龄组进行评估。结果围绝经期女性高血压、血脂异常、超重或肥胖、糖尿病、吸烟的暴露率依次为14.3%、32.1%、59.2%、7.9%、0.6%;围绝经期女性10年ICVD发病危险度为（2.01±3.04）%,随年龄增长,发病危险度逐渐升高（F=45.301,P〈0.001）;高血压、血脂异常、吸烟的暴露率和10年ICVD发病危险度等级分布在不同年龄组间有非常显著性差异（χ2〉11.157,P〈0.01）。结论社区围绝经期女性心血管病危险因素控制不理想,10年ICVD风险水平较高,应根据危险分层,干预其主要危险因素。

Objective To investigate the cardiovascular risk factors in perimenopausal women and evaluate the risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods A total of 692 perimenopausal women permanent residents in a community of Zhengzhou from September, 2014 to May,2015 were selected using multi-stage random sampling. Their age, blood pressure, body weight, smoking history, history of diabetes and fasting blood glucose, blood lipid and other information were collected. They were assessed with The National 10- Year Risk Assessment for Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease（ICVD）. Results Prevalence of the cardiovascular risk factors screened for were as follow： hypertension14.3%, dyslipidemia 32.1%, overweight or obesity 59.2%, type 2 diabetes mellitus 7.9%, smoking 0.6%. The absolute risk for ICVD in the next 10 years averaged as（2.01±3.04）%, and increased with age. The incidence of high blood pressure, high total cholesterol, smoking, as well as the level of risk for ICVD were different among various age groups. Conclusion The cardiovascular factors are not controlled ideally in the perimenopausal women, and result in high risk of cardiovascular disease, which need a set of intervention as their risk stratification.