乳腺癌术后化疗患者感染的高危因素分析及干预措施

Risk factors and intervention measures of infections in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy

目的探讨乳腺癌术后化疗患者感染的高危因素以及相关干预对策,以降低其感染率。方法选取2013年1月-2015年1月于医院进行诊治的288例乳腺癌手术患者临床资料,对化疗后患者的唾液、血液、分泌物等相关标本进行常规细菌检测,根据检测报告进行感染因素的总结,并对乳腺癌术后化疗患者感染的高危因素进行分析。结果 288例乳腺癌患者术后化疗发生感染48例,感染率为16.67%,感染部位以呼吸道和手术切口为主,分别占41.66%、29.17%;导致患者发生感染的主要病原菌中以革兰阴性菌、真菌为主;通过条件分析法发现,伴随疾病、引流时间、化疗、白细胞含量降低、住院时间以及激素的使用等均是导致乳腺癌术后化疗患者发生医院感染的高危因素。结论乳腺癌患者由于术后化疗导致体内的白细胞减少,免疫能力下降,导致容易受到病原菌的感染,通过分析乳腺癌患者术后化疗感染的高危因素,发现有效的护理干预能够降低感染率。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors and intervention measures of infections in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy,so as to reduce the infection rate.METHODS The clinical data of 288 cases of breast cancer surgery patients in the hospital for treatment from Jan.2013 to Jan.2015 were collected,the saliva,blood,and secretions of patients after chemotherapy were detected,the risk factors of infections were summarized according the detection results,and the risk factors of infection in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy were analyzed.RESULTS Totally 48 cases of infection were detected in 288 cases of breast cancer patients after chemotherapy,with infection rate of 16.67%.The main infection sites were respiratory tract and surgical wound,accounting for 41.66%and 29.17%,the main pathogens were gram-negative bacteria and fungi,and the risk factors of nosocomial infection in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy were concomitant diseases,drainage time,chemotherapy,decreased white blood cells,hospitalization time and the use of hormones by analysis method discovered by condition.CONCLUSIONBecause of postoperative chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in vivo,decreased immunity,breast cancer patients were susceptible to infection by pathogens.Nursing interventions were found to be effective to reduce the prevalence of infection by analyzing the risk factors in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy.