通过红色名录评估研究中国哺乳动物受威胁现状及其原因

Evaluating the status of China's mammals and analyzing their causes of endangerment through the red list assessment

依据中国哺乳类野生种群与生境现状,我们利用IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria(Version 3.1),Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria和Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels(Version 4.0),评价了中国所有已知的673种哺乳动物的濒危状况。本次评估了71种《IUCN濒危物种红色名录(2015)》没有评估的哺乳动物,还评估了60种《IUCN濒危物种红色名录(2015)》误认为中国没有分布的哺乳动物。发现中国有3种哺乳动物"野外灭绝",3种"区域灭绝"。受威胁中国哺乳动物共计178种,约占评估物种总数的26.4%,高于IUCN濒危物种红色名录的物种平均受威胁率(21.8%)。中国哺乳动物1/4的特有种属于受威胁物种。受威胁比例最高的目是灵长目、食肉目与鲸偶蹄目。多数省区的受威胁哺乳动物物种占本省区哺乳动物总数的20–30%。中国哺乳动物种类多分布在中国第二级地理阶梯。生活在高海拔地区的哺乳动物虽然种类少,但是受威胁哺乳动物的种类比例高。过度利用、生境丧失和人类干扰名列受威胁哺乳动物致危因子的前3位。自从1989年《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》实施以来,一些中国濒危哺乳动物的生存状况得到了改善。然而,鉴于中国哺乳动物区系的独特性和多样性,以及中国地形地貌的复杂性,如何拯救这些濒危物种仍是中国生物多样性保护的一项艰巨任务。

Based on current population estimates, habitat status, rates of population decline, and projected population trends, we assessed the status of all known 673 mammals in China using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria （Version 3.1）, Guidelines for Using the 1UCN Red List Categories and Criteria and Guidelines for Application of lUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels （Version 4.0）. We evaluated 71 mammal species that were not evaluated by the IUCN Red List （2015） and 60 species that were not considered by the IUCN Red List （2015） to be distributed in China. We discovered that 178 species of mammals were threatened in China, accounting for 26.4% of all mammal species in the country, which was higher than the worldwide average percentage of threatened species （21.8%）. Three species were identified as ＂Extinct in the Wild＂ while another three species were classified as ＂Regionally Extinct＂. Roughly a quarter of endemic mammal species are threatened in China. The three orders with the highest ratios of threatened to unthreatened species are Primates, Carnivora and Cetartiodactyla. Most of the provinces in the country have rate of threatened species between 20-30%. Most mammals are distributed on the second ring of the geographic ladder of the country, though few mammal species live at high altitudes but more species of them are threatened. Over-exploitation by humans, habitat loss and human interference are the three leading threats to mammals in China. Since the implementation of the Wild Animal Protection Law of People＇s Republic of China in 1989, the status of some mammals, including the giant panda and Tibetan antelope, have been improved. Nevertheless, considering the uniqueness and diversity of mammalian fauna, and the complexity of the topography in China, how to rescue threatened species in the country is still a difficult task in front of us.