向達敦煌考察的身份問題研究平議

A Comment on the Study of the Identity of Xiang Da during His Dunhuang Inspection

向達在1942年7月至1943年7月參加西北史地考察團赴敦煌考察,他的身份問題即代表單位是中央研究院、北京大學,還是中央博物院籌備處?學術界一直存在爭議。從目前所公佈的檔案資料來看,當時的組織單位並沒有北京大學,而是中央研究院史語所、中央博物院籌備處和中國地理研究所。向達是受中央研究院史語所和中央博物院籌備處之聘參加考察的,由於當時史語所和中央博物院形同一家,而史語所已有勞榦、石璋如參加,向達就代表中央博物院籌備處,在北京大學只是"請假一年"。由於考察中發生了許多意想不到的事情,北大就從開始的無所謂到積極的參與態度,向達也從開始的以個人身份"請假一年"到强調代表北大,並爲下次合組西北科學考察團奠定了基礎。

From July 1942 to July 1943,Xiang Da joined in the delegation of History and Geography of North-Western China,started his travel to Dunhuang. What did he represent for? Is it the Academia Sinica,Peking University,or the Preparatory Office of Central Museum? It was always been a dispute in the academia. According to the archives published recently, the Peking University didn 't involve in the delegation at first. It is the Institute of History and Philology of Academia Sinica,the Preparatory Office of Central Museum,and the Institute of Chinese Geography that organized the inspection. Xiang Da was employed by the Institute of History and Philology and the Preparatory Office of Central Museum,because the two institutions got along like a family,and there were already two people representing for the Institute of History and Philology,Lao Gan and Shi Zhangru. So,Xiang Da represented for the Preparatory Office of Central Museum.And he just took a year off from Peking University. Because of many unexpected things during the inspection,the Peking University made an attitude change,and began to participate in the inspection actively.At the same time,Xiang Da changed his identity,he was not the man who took a leave from Peking University anymore, he began to emphasize his representation for the Peking University,and he laid a foundation of the next unite inspection,the Scientific Mission to NorthWestern China.