滴灌铺管间距对冬小麦水分动态及耗水特性的影响

Effects of the distance to drip pipe on moisture dynamics and water consumption characteristics of winter wheat

为明确胶东地区适宜小麦滴灌铺管间距,在大田试验设置了4种滴灌处理:一管三行(T3,间距54cm)、一管四行(T4,间距72 cm)、一管五行(T5,间距90 cm)、一管六行(T6,间距108 cm),以无灌水处理(CK)为对照,研究了不同滴灌铺管间距对冬小麦耗水及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,滴灌对0~60 cm土层土壤含水量影响显著,可显著降低土壤水的消耗。不同滴灌处理冬小麦总耗水量和土壤水消耗量表现为T6>T3>T5>T4,两年T6处理总耗水分别为407.5 mm和451.2 mm,显著高于T4处理。在枯水年,各处理WUE表现为T5>T4>T6>T3>CK;平水年,各处理WUE为T5>T4>CK>T6>T3,两年度T5和T4处理的WUE均显著高于其它处理,其中T5的WUE分别为24.3 kg·hm^(-2)·mm-1和19.4 kg·hm^(-2)·mm-1。适宜的滴灌管配置方式能显著提高冬小麦有效穗数和子粒千粒重,T5处理两年产量最高,综合考虑T5经济效益最大,两年的经济效益分别达到10 976.35元·hm^(-2)和9 802.56元·hm^(-2)。一管五行间距90 cm是胶东地区最佳滴灌铺管间距配置。

In order to clear the suitble distance of drip pipe for wheat in the Jiaodong Area,set up 4 drip irrigation treatments in the field experiment,such as 1 pipe with 3 rows（ T3,the distance of 54 cm）,1 pipe with 4rows（ T4,the distance of 72 cm）,1 pipe with 5 rows（ T5,the distance of 90 cm）,1 pipe with 6 rows（ T6,the distance of 108 cm）,and using no irrigation as control（ CK）,researched the effects of different distance of drip pipe on water consumption and water use efficiecy（ WUE） of winter wheat. The results indicated that： The drip irrigation was notable influences on soil moisture in 0 ~ 60 cm depth,can be notably reduced the consumption of soil water. For different drip treatments,the whole water consumption of winter wheat and soil water consumption expressed as T6 T3 T5 T4,the whole water consumption of T6 in two years were 407. 5 mm and 451. 2 mm,respectively,notatble high than T4 treatment. In the dry year,the WUE of each treatment can be expressed as T5 T4 T6 T3 CK. In the normal year,the WUE of each treatment can be expressed as T5 T4 CK T6 T3.The WUEs of T5 and T4 were total notable high than other treatments in two years,among them the WUE of T5 were 24. 3 kg· hm^（-2）·mm- 1and 19. 2 kg · hm^（-2）·mm- 1,respectively. The suitable layout mode of the drip pipes can notably increase the effective spike numbers and 1000-grain weight of winter wheat. For the T5 treatment,the yield and economic benefit total were maximum in two years,the economic benefits in two years was reached 10976. 35 yuan·hm^（-2）and 9802. 56 yuan·hm^（-2）,respectively. So the 1 pipe with 5 rows,the distance of90 cm was the optimal layout distance of the drip pipes in Jiaodong Areas.