精英谋利、村社托底与地方政府行为:土地股份合作社发展的双重逻辑

Elite Profit,Village Vallback and Local Government Behavior:The Double Development Logic of Rural Land Stock Cooperatives

在当前农业经营体系调整中,地方政府基于制度创新、农业治理、政绩等多方动机,积极推动农业经营主体转型,通过资金、项目、技术、政策等多种支持帮扶新型经营主体。而作为地方治理创新的土地股份合作社在此背景下呈现出两种发展逻辑:一种是由资本、大户等经济精英主导的以盈利为目的的合作社,另一种是迫于政府压力,为了完成行政任务而由政治精英成立并承担兜底职能的合作社。由此产生的社会后果是精英谋利、村社托底、土地股份合作社背离其制度设计初衷,这不仅不利于新型经营主体的培育和发展,排挤了小农利益,还增加了农业经营风险、威胁粮食安全。

Driven by the system innovation and agricultural management,the local government promote the agricultural business entities＇ transformation and foster new agricultural business entities actively through multidimensional policies on fund,project and technology,in the course of current agricultural management system adjustment. However,rural land stock cooperatives,as the local governance innovation subject,present double development logics. The one is profit-based and organized by local economic elites; and the other one is political task-based and organized by political elites of all levels. As a consequence,no matter maximizing the benefits or the administrative atmosphere,the land stock cooperatives＇ development departure from the original intention step by step,which is harmful to new types of agricultural business entities,crowding the interests of peasants and increasing the risk involved in agricultural operation and food security at the same time.