从“稻鱼鸭共生”看侗族的原生饮食——以贵州省从江县稻鱼鸭共生系统为例

Overview on the Original Diet of Dong Minority from the “Rice-fish-duck Symbiosis”Form——Case Study on Congjiang County of Guizhou Province

侗族先民以生产糯稻为主,并利用稻田养鱼鸭,创造了侗族地区"稻鱼鸭共生"的原始有机农业文化经典形式。侗族特有的生存环境和农耕方式,形成了侗族人民食不离酸、喜糯食、喜酒、好鱼、茶饮独特等饮食特点及文化。侗族的原生食品加工方法独特,选料考究,营养价值高,富含各种人体所必需的营养物质,特别是以鱼类为加工原料的侗族酸食富含人体所需的可溶性钙是新鲜鱼食品的16倍以上,"稻鱼鸭共生"系统成为侗族食材的一个重要来源。稻鱼鸭复合系统保证了侗族传统食品的特殊性及无公害性,只有优质的传统原生态食材才能保证传统民族食品的传统性,保护"稻鱼鸭共生"系统不仅为民族食品的传承和发展提供了原料的保障,也为侗族传统食品产业化打下了坚实的原料供给基础。

The Dong minority ancestors mainly cultivated glutinous rice. ＂Sweet and Glutinous Rice＂,the unique local rice variety,used rice to feed fish and duck. All these above created the ＂rice-fish-duck symbiosis＂classic prinitive and organic farming culture form. It is this special living environment and farming practices,the Dong minority form their own diet habit and culture,that they are preferring acid food,glutinous rice,wine,fish and tea respectively. Dong people＇s native food processing method is also unique,sophisticated choice of materials,high nutritional value and rich in all kinds of essential nutrients. Especially the required soluble calcium in Dong people＇s sour food which was made from fish is 16 times more than fresh fish food. The rice-fish-duck symbiosis ensured the peculiarity and non-pollution of the Dong＇s traditional food. Only high quality original ecological ingredients can ensure the convention of the traditional ethnic food,providing the guarantee of raw materials for the inheritance and development of minority nationality food,but also for Dong people＇s traditional food industry to lay a solid foundation for the supply of raw materials.