农民工职业上升及分化研究

Career Promotion and Differentiation of Migrant Workers

农民工的职业是影响农民工市民化的关键所在,普通员工、中低层管理者、技工和经营者是农民工职业的四大基本类别,技工更是农民工职业上升过程中的主要方向。运用多项logistic模型分析个人特征、人力资本、社会资本、心理资本和城市环境对农民工职业上升及分化的影响,结果表明:25—40岁年龄段的新生代农民工是农民工职业上升的主力军,而体现农民工综合人力资本的学历和最能体现农民工心理资本的强烈进取心是农民工职业由普通员工上升为中低层管理者、技工和经营者等高端职业的共同的关键因素。企业组织内的社会资本和人力资本是农民工晋升为中低层管理者的重要条件,人力资本是农民工成长为技工的关键因素,而组织外社会资本、较强的风险承受力和处于不发达中小城市则是农民工成为经营者的关键因素。

Career issue is a key factor influencing the citizenization of migrant workers.Ordinary workers,middle and low level managers,technicians and operators are the four major types of present migrant workers,of which technicians are the main direction of career promotion for most migrant workers.This paper analyzes, by using Multinomial Logistic Regression,the influence of personal characteristics,social capital,psychological capital and urban environment on career promotion and differentiation of the workers.The results of the study show that new generation migrant workers with the age from 25 to 40years old are the main force having a rising career,and their educational background that can reflect their comprehensive human capital and their great ambition that can reflect their psychological capital are the two common key factors influencing their promotion from ordinary workers up to middle and low level managers,technicians and operators.Social capital and human capital within enterprises are the important factors for their promotion to middle and low level managers,human capital is the key factor for their growing up to be technicians,and social capital outside of enterprises,their strong endurance of risks and their working environment of being in underdeveloped middle-sized and small cities are the key factors for them to become operators.