理性与责任——齐格蒙特·鲍曼对纳粹屠犹的道德审视

Rationality and Responsibility——The Ethical Examination on the Holocaust of Zygmunt Bauman

齐格蒙特·鲍曼是当代西方世界探讨现代性与后现代性问题不可绕过的最重要的社会理论家之一。在《现代性与大屠杀》中,鲍曼通过考察二战期间纳粹屠犹的深层社会原因,激烈地批判了现代性尤其是现代理性。大屠杀事件的发生,现代理性的膨胀为其提供了观念支撑,而由现代官僚制度构建的基本社会架构则为其提供了现实可能。由此大屠杀最终演变为由设计者、实施者、观望者与受害者之间密切配合的社会集体行为。最后,鲍曼寄希望于通过道德良知与道德责任的唤醒来使人们避免重陷大屠杀之困境。

Zygmunt Bauman is one of the most important social theorists in contemporary western world who probes into the modernity and post-modernity problems.In Modernity and the Holocaust,Bauman criticizes modernity especially modern rationality through studying the deep social reasons of the Holocaust during World War II.On one hand the expansion of modern rationality provided conceptual foundation for the Holocaust, on the other hand the social structure constructed by modern bureaucratic system offered the practical possibility to it.Therefore, the massacre ultimately became the social collective behavior which needed close cooperation of designers, implementers,spectators and victims.Eventually, Bauman expects to make people avoid falling into plight of the massacre by awakening the moral conscience and moral responsibility.