36例重型药疹分析

Analysis of 36 Cases with Severe Drug Eruption

目的:通过分析重型药疹的特点,对临床药师提出药学服务建议。方法:对我院2013-2015年36例重型药疹患者的资料进行回顾性分析。结果:36例重型药疹患者中,男性19例,女性17例,发病年龄多集中在40岁以上;最常见的致敏药物为抗菌药物(22.22%)、抗痛风药物(22.22%)和解热镇痛药(19.44%);所有致敏药物均有明确的潜伏期,8例患者(22.22%)存在药物过敏史;致敏药物的给药途径以口服(58.33%)为主;1例死亡患者药疹类型为大疱性表皮松解型。结论:临床药师可从药学服务方面更好地协助临床医师防治重型药疹,包括重点监护40岁以上患者、警惕常见致敏药物、详细询问药物过敏史、关注家庭和门诊用药以及提供全程药学监护等。

Objective： To analyze features of severe drug eruption and provide suggestions of pharmaceutical service for clinical pharmacists. Methods： The data of 36 patients with severe drug eruption from 2013 to 2015 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results： There were 19 males and 17 females in the 36 cases of patients with severe drug eruption whose age of onset was over 40.The most common types of sensitization drugs were antibiotics（22.22%）, antipodagrics（22.22%） and antipyretic analgesics（19.44%）, respectively. All sensitization drugs had a clear incubation period and 8 patients（22.22%） had drug allergy history. Administration method of sensitization drugs was mainly oral way（58.33%）. One case of severe drug eruption was toxic epidermal necrolysis which caused the patent death. Conclusion： Clinical pharmacists can better assist clinicians to prevent and treat severe drug eruption through pharmaceutical services, including intensively caring patients at the age over 40, watching out for common types of sensitization drugs, asking patients for drug allergy history, focusing on home and outpatient drug use, and providing the whole pharmaceutical care.