维生素A防治儿童呼吸道感染机制及应用进展

The mechanism and progress of prevention and treatment of vitamin A for repiratory tract infections in children

维生素A缺乏（vitamin A deficiency,VAD）在全世界广泛流行,严重影响公众健康.近年来由于VA相关受体在组织细胞中广泛发现,人们认识到VA不仅参与维持眼部及皮肤健康,VA通过核受体（RARs和RXRs）参与上皮分化、免疫调节、器官发育等各生命活动.VA作为抗感染维生素,VA不足或缺乏将导致感染性疾病易感性增加.儿童作为VAD高危人群,呼吸道感染在儿童疾病中占首位.因此VA与儿童呼吸道感染紧密联系受到了大量研究,以期VA补充（vitamin A supplementation,VAS）作为一种经济简单的方法,在防治儿童呼吸道感染中获得较好的临床收益.但研究结果不尽一致,VA在儿童呼吸道感染中应用尚存在争议.

Vitamin A deficiency （VAD）,which has a serious impact on public health,is common in the world.As many receptors for vitamin A are discovered,we recognize that VA is involved not only in maintaining the health of eyes and skin but also in cell differentiation,immune regulation,organ development and other life activities through nuclear receptors （RXRs and RARs）.As an anti-infectious vitamin,VA deficiency will increase the risk of infection.Children are at high risk of VAD and respiratory tract infection is common in children.Therefore,the correlation between VA and respiratory tract infection is widely studied,with a view to vitamin A supplementation （VAS） as a simple way to get better clinical benefits in the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infection in children.Since the research results are not consistent,the application of VA in respiratory tract infections is still controversial.