国际比较视野下政府纵向职责体系研究

An International Comparative Research on the System of Governmental Vertical Responsibilities

构建政府纵向职责体系是深化新一轮行政体制改革的关键环节和重要抓手。从国外实践看,美国借助联邦宪法、州宪法以及相关法律的规定对各级政府职责作出了清晰细致的划分,并以财政控制为主线来实现职责体系的有效调整;法国地方行政系统中中央派驻机构和地方自治机构并存的双轨制结构为政府纵向职责体系的运行提供了依托;日本政府纵向职责体系的调整与地方自治改革密切关联,体现为兼具制度性划分和机制性协调,并包含中央职责、地方职责与法定委托职责的结构。通过国际比较发现,权力配置制度化、职责配置异构化与调控手段柔性化是构建政府纵向职责体系的重要经验。在我国下一步改革过程中,应当尝试跳出简单的收权或放权思维、探索合理确权,同时在职责同构的整体格局中适当地嵌套某些职责的异构化配置,并在条件允许的情况下更多地采用柔性化或隐形化的调控手段。

Building the system of governmental vertical responsibilities is the key to deepen the administrative system reform.In international comparative perspective,The United States makes a clear division of responsibility at different levels of government with the federal constitution,the state constitution and relevant laws,and adjust the system by the financial control.The twotier structure of the central resident agencies and local autonomous organizations in France supports the run of the governmental vertical responsibility system.The adjustment of the Japanese governmental vertical responsibility system is closely associated with the reform of local autonomy.Through the international comparison,there are three common rules;The institutionalization of authority allocation,the isomerization of responsibility allocation and the flexibility of control.In the future reform in our country,these measures,such as exploring the reasonable confirmation of right,nesting isomerization allocation of certain responsibilities in the pattern of isomorphic responsibility and adopting the flexible or invisible means of regulation if conditions allow.